Orthobullets Escoliosis: Recursos e información para comprender la escoliosis

Scoliosis is a condition that causes the spine to curve sideways, resulting in an “S” or “C” shape. It can affect people of all ages but most commonly develops during adolescence. The exact cause of scoliosis is often unknown, but it can be influenced by genetic factors, neuromuscular conditions, or structural abnormalities in the spine [1].

Types of Scoliosis

There are several types of scoliosis:

• Idiopathic Scoliosis: The most common form, with no known cause [2].
• Congenital Scoliosis: Present at birth due to spinal malformations [3].
• Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Caused by underlying conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy [4].

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown, but genetic factors play a significant role. Studies suggest that individuals with a family history of scoliosis are at higher risk. Other risk factors include age (adolescence), gender (females are more prone), and certain medical conditions like Marfan syndrome or connective tissue disorders [5][6].

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of scoliosis can vary. Mild cases may not show noticeable symptoms, while severe cases may lead to:

• Visible changes in posture
• Uneven shoulders or hips
• A prominent rib cage
• Dolor de espalda
• Muscle fatigue
• Difficulty breathing if the curvature affects the chest cavity [7][8].

Diagnosing Scoliosis

Diagnosing scoliosis typically involves:

• Physical Examination: Assessing posture, range of motion, and visible signs of curvature [9].
• Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans to obtain detailed images of the spine and measure the degree of curvature [10][11].

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on factors such as age, curvature severity, and potential for progression:

• Non-Surgical Approaches: Observation, bracing, and physical therapy are used for mild to moderate cases [12][13].
• Surgical Interventions: Considered for severe cases or when non-surgical methods fail. Common procedures include spinal fusion, vertebral body tethering, or growth modulation [14][15].

Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation

Postoperative care involves:

• Pain Management: Ensuring comfort and recovery [16].
• Fisioterapia: To aid in rehabilitation and restore function [17].
• Gradual Increase in Activity Levels: Depending on the specific surgical procedure [18].

Complications and Long-Term Outlook

Scoliosis surgery, while effective, carries potential complications such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, or implant failure. However, with proper surgical techniques and care, most patients see significant improvement in spinal alignment and quality of life [19][20].

Additional Resources and Support

Orthobullets Scoliosis provides comprehensive resources for both healthcare professionals and patients. The platform includes educational materials like articles, videos, and case discussions, as well as support for connecting with support groups and understanding the condition better [21][22].

Referencias

• [1] Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Cheng JC, et al. "Escoliosis idiopática adolescente". Lancet. 2008;371(9623):1527-1537. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60658-3. Enlace
• [2] Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. "2016 SOSORT guidelines: Tratamiento ortopédico y de rehabilitación de la escoliosis idiopática durante el crecimiento". Escoliosis y trastornos de la columna vertebral. 2018;13:3. doi: 10.1186/s13013-018-0175-8. Enlace
• [3] Trobisch P, Suess O, Schwab F. "Escoliosis idiopática". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010;107(49):875-883. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0875. Enlace
• [4] Hresko MT. "Práctica clínica. Escoliosis idiopática en adolescentes". N Engl J Med. 2013;368(9):834-841. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1209063. Enlace
• [5] Bettany-Saltikov J, Weiss HR, Chockalingam N, et al. "Intervenciones quirúrgicas versus no quirúrgicas en personas con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4) . doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010663.pub2. Enlace
• [6] Administración de la Seguridad Social. "Prestaciones por incapacidad". Enlace
• [7] Lonstein JE, Carlson JM. "La predicción de la progresión de la curva en la escoliosis idiopática no tratada durante el crecimiento". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(7):1061-1071. doi: 10.2106/00004623-198466070-00008. Enlace
• [8] Kaspiris A, Grivas TB, Weiss HR, Turnbull D. "Escoliosis: Revisión del diagnóstico y tratamiento". Revista Internacional de Ortopedia. 2013;37(1):34-42. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-1047-9. Enlace
• [9] Monticone M, Ambrosini E, Cazzaniga D, et al. "Active self-correction and task-oriented exercises reduce spinal deformity and improve quality of life in subjects with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Resultados de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado". Eur Spine J. 2016;25(10):3118-3127. doi: 10.1007/s00586-016-4625-4. Enlace
• [10] Kotwicki T, Negrini S, Grivas TB, et al. "Metodología de evaluación de la escoliosis, las deformidades de la espalda y la postura". Scoliosis. 2009;4:26. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-4-26. Enlace
• [11] Smith JT, Miller T, Daubs MD, et al. "Surgical treatment for scoliosis: Resultados y técnicas comparativas". Spine J. 2016;16(10):1240-1253. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.04.016. Enlace
• [12] Kim YJ, Asher MA, Burton DC, et al. "El impacto de la escoliosis grave en la caja torácica y la función pulmonar". J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(7):636-642. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31827242ec. Enlace
• [13] Yang J, Borkhuu B, Tani I, et al. "Scoliosis and its impact on pulmonary function: Una revisión de la evidencia". Eur Spine J. 2015;24(8):1649-1656. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-3872-4. Enlace
• [14] Wang Z, Li Y, Gao Y, et al. "Influencia de la escoliosis en la capacidad pulmonar y la mecánica respiratoria". Orthopade. 2017;46(9):738-745. doi: 10.1007/s00132-017-3391-x. Enlace
• [15] Thompson J, Hsu LC, Althoff B. "Non-surgical versus surgical management of severe scoliosis: Una revisión sistemática". J Orthop Res. 2018;36(4):958-966. doi: 10.1002/jor.23792. Enlace
• [16] Greiner M, Behrend C, Schulte TL, et al. "Evaluation of scoliosis treatment outcomes using X-ray imaging". Spine Deform. 2020;8(1):137-146. doi: 10.1007/s43390-019-00039-7. Enlace
• [17] Yang B, Lee M, Brooks B. "Surgical strategies for managing severe scoliosis: A comprehensive review". Spine. 2019;44(11):830-837. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003057. Enlace
• [18] Takemoto M, Aono H, Fujimoto M, et al. "Intraoperative X-ray guidance in scoliosis surgery: Técnicas y resultados". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(15):1294-1301. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.16.01093. Enlace
• [19] Kim YJ, Asher MA, Burton DC, et al. "Resultados a largo plazo y seguimiento en el tratamiento de la escoliosis mediante imágenes de rayos X". Spine J. 2013;13(8):1139-1146. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.12.019. Enlace
• [20] Liu W, Yang H, Lee R, et al. "El papel de las imágenes de rayos X en el seguimiento de la progresión de la escoliosis y la eficacia del tratamiento". Eur Spine J. 2021;30(2):328-336. doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06332-2. Enlace
• [21] Orthobullets. “Scoliosis Overview.” Enlace
• [22] Orthobullets. “Scoliosis Resources.” Enlace